It’s estimated that, by the year 2010, some forty percent of Americans sixty-five or older will have adult-onset diabetes.
Diabetes was a rare illness in the United States in 1880, with only 2.8 persons out of every 100,000 having diabetes. The rise in diabetes is associated the modern Western diet.
In the early 1800’s, the per capita consumption of sugar (sucrose) was about twelve pounds a year. Today, in the United States, the per capita consumption of sugar is more than 150 pounds a year.
For every person who consumes only five pounds of sugar, there is another who eats 295 pounds annually. This accounts for 550 to 650 calories a day, or almost three pounds per week. In 2001, Americans spent $21 billion on candy alone—more than the gross national products of Lithuania, Costa Rica, and Mozambique combined.
As our consumption of high-fructose corn syrup has risen 250 percent in the past fifteen years, our rate of diabetes has increased approximately 45 percent in about the same time period.
Sixty five million Americans are now obese—more than the total population of Great Britain.
The Western diet of refined grains, snacks, “fast foods,” and sugary sweets increases the risk for developing type 2 diabetes by fifty percent. The Western diet combined with obesity increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 1,100 percent!
A healthy diet, daily exercise, and weight management offers the best defense for reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes.
One study showed that, while some medications delay the development of diabetes, diet and exercise work better. Just thirty minutes a day of moderate physical activity, coupled with a five to ten percent reduction in body weight, produces a fifty-eight percent reduction in the incidence of diabetes among people at risk.
In several large scale studies with follow up periods of six to fourteen years, there was a decrease of thirty to fifty per cent in the development of type 2 diabetes among those who exercised regularly, compared with those who were sedentary. This result was found in both obese and non-obese men and women.
What about Insulin?
In Part One of this article, I explored the hypoglycemic anti-diabetic drugs (Avandia, Actos, and Metformin). These medications can be helpful, but are associated with life threatening side effects and ultimately fail to stop the progression of type 2 diabetes. “What about insulin therapy?” you may ask.
Good question. Before insulin therapy, type 1 diabetes meant a life of misery and premature death. Insulin is a life saving and, therefore, essential therapy for type 1 diabetes. The number of medical professionals advocating insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes continues to grow.
However, its use isn’t without risk. Insulin stimulates weight gain, a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. As patients on insulin therapy gain weight, so do their requirements for increased insulin.
The majority of patients, some ninety percent are non-insulin dependent type 2 diabetic, and suffer from poor diet, obesity, and inactivity, not from a lack of insulin. I encourage my patients with type 2 diabetes to try neutraceutical therapies instead.
Neutraceuticals for Type 2 Diabetes
In the fight against type 2 diabetes there are dozens of safe and effective neutraceutical therapies. I’ll mention a few of my favorites below.
Corosolic acid is found in the leaves of the banaba plant that grows in the Philippines. Subjects using a corosolic acid preparation called Glucotrim each day for two weeks experienced a thirty percent drop in blood sugar levels. Researchers considered both levels of blood sugar reduction significant.
Corosolic acid may be defined as a phyto-insulin or insulin-like plant extract.
And how about this for a potential side effect: Subjects receiving the corosolic acid seem to show an increased tendency toward weight loss (an average weight loss of 3.2 pounds).
Gymnema sylvestre, an Indian herb used in Ayurvedic medicine, lowers the two-hour postprandial plasma glucose concentrations, by thirteen percent (207 vs. 180mg/dl).
Gymnema Sylvestre research reveals that it lowers HbA1c from 10.1 percent to 9.3 percent. This is as good, if not better, than common diabetic drugs.
Clinical trials of vanadyl sulfate have been carried out in both type 1 and type 2 diabetics. Modest improvement in glucose tolerance and/or insulin sensitivity, especially in type 2 diabetes, has been observed, although the trials have been for a short period. In eleven type 2 diabetic subjects who were treated with150 mg/day of vanadyl sulfate for six weeks, there was a 20 percent reduced fasting plasma glucose and a ten percent reduced percent hemoglobin A1c from 8.2 to 7.6 percent.
Studies show that alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) speeds the removal of glucose (sugar) from the blood of people with diabetes and that this antioxidant may prevent kidney damage associated with diabetes. And several studies suggest that treatment with ALA may help reduce pain, burning, itching, tingling, and numbness in people who have nerve damage caused by diabetes.
In several studies, the mineral biotin has been shown to enhance the performance of insulin. Biotin supplements can also increase the activity of an enzyme, glucokinase, which the liver uses early in the process of utilizing blood sugar.
Chromium is an essential mineral for human nutrition and aids in the normal function of insulin. In twelve out of fifteen controlled studies of people with impaired glucose tolerance, chromium supplementation was found to improve some measure of glucose utilization or to have beneficial effects on blood lipid profiles.
The type 2 diabetic dilemma: Do they suffer with the advances of unchecked diabetes, including risk of heart attack, stroke, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease death? Or, do they take conventional anti-diabetic drugs and increase their risk of heart attack, stroke, and death from cardiovascular disease? My patients opt for a healthy diet, daily exercise, and neutraceutical therapies. They decide to use prescription anti-diabetic drugs only when these safe and, often, more effective natural approaches fail to work alone.
Rodger Murphree, D.C., has been in private practice since 1990. He is the founder of, and past clinic director for a large integrated medical practice, which was located on the campus of Brookwood Hospital in Birmingham, Alabama. He is the author of Treating and Beating Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Heart Disease What Your Doctor Won’t Tell You, and Treating and Beating Anxiety and Depression with Orthomolecular Medicine. He can be reached at http://www.treatingandbeating.com/, by email at [email protected]or 1-205-879-2383
References
1. Van Dam RM, Rimm, EB, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB. Dietary patterns and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in U.S. men. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:201-209.
2. Beckles GLA et al. American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 1998;21(Suppl 2).
3. Colwell JA. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124(1pt2):131-135.
4. Abraira C et al. Diabetes Care. 1992;15:1560-1571.
5. Klein R et al. Am J Epidemiol. 1987;126:415-428.
6. Sheard NF. Moderate changes in weight and physical activity can prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in susceptible individuals. Nutr Rev. 2003 Feb;61(2):76–9.
7. Sedentary (N Engl J Med, 1991; 325: 147-52; Lancet, 1991; 338: 774-8; Am J Epidemiol, 1995; 41: 360-8).
8. Cowie CC et al. Diabetes in America. 2nd ed.vol. 44, November 0l. 44, November, References.
9. How to Prevent and Treat Diabetes with Natural Medicine, Michael Murray. Riverhead Books, New York, NY 10014, 2003.
10. K. Cusi et al. Vanadyl Sulfate Improves Hepatic and Muscle Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes.University of Texas Health Science Center (K.C., R.A.D.), San Antonio, Texas 78284.
11. Thompson KH, Orvig C, “Vanadium Compounds in the Treatment of Diabetes,” Met Ions Biol Syst. 2004;41:7:221-252..
12. Ametov AS, Barinov A, et al. The sensory symptoms of diabetic polyneuropathy are improved with alpha-lipoic acid: The Sydney trial. Diabetes Care. 2003 Mar;26(3):770–6.
13. Broadhurst CL, Domenico P. Clinical studies on chromium picolinate supplementation in diabetes mellitus—a review. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2006;8(6):677-687.